APT Report on 
survey on current status and future plan of implementation and deployment of Internet of Things in Asia pacific countries

No. APT/AWG/REP-86 (Rev.1)
Edition: September 2020

Adopted by

24th Meeting of APT Wireless Group
17 – 21 September 2018, Bangkok, Thailand

(Source: AWG-24/OUT-12)

First Revision at

26th Meeting of APT Wireless Group
14 – 18 September 2020, Virtual Meeting

(Source: AWG-26/OUT-19)

APT Report on 
survey on current status and future plan of implementation and deployment of Internet of Things in Asia pacific countries

1	Introduction
2	Abbreviations
3	Scope
4	IoT Applications
5	Non-cellular IoT: LPWAN, ZigBee, RFID
5.1	Non-cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment Status
5.2	Regulatory Framework for Non-cellular IoT
5.2.1	Applicable Licensing Regime for Non-cellular IoT
5.2.2	Spectrum Policy for Non-cellular IoT
5.2.3	Current Technical Specification/Standards for Non-cellular IoT
5.2.4	Current Non-cellular IoT Deployment Conditions/Restrictions
5.2.5	Other Regulations Applicable to Non-cellular IoT
5.3	Current Issues Encountered Relating to Non-cellular IoT Communication System
5.4	Other Issues to be Addressed in Non-cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment
6	Cellular IoT
6.1	Cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment Status
6.2	Regulatory Framework for Cellular IoT
6.2.1	Applicable Licensing Regime for Cellular IoT
6.2.2	Spectrum Policy for Cellular IoT
6.2.3	Current Technical Specification/Standards for Cellular IoT
6.2.4	Current Cellular IoT Deployment Conditions/Restrictions
6.2.5	Other Regulations Applicable to Cellular IoT
6.3	Current Issues Encountered Relating to Cellular IoT Communication System
6.4	Other Issues to be Addressed in Cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment
7	General Information
7.1	R&D Activities on IoT Related Technologies and/or Devices
7.2	Information or Technology Trends Regarding IoT

1	Introduction

IoT defined as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies.

The goal of the IoT is to enable things to be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone ideally using any path/network and any service. Analysts predict that new IoT products and services will grow exponentially in next few years. IoT, as an industry, is still nascent, but that hasn’t stopped many tech companies from developing IoT devices, software and systems.

In many countries, especially Technology developed countries including some APT members country, the enterprises, institutions of higher learning, research centers and individual professionals have taken up the idea of IoT. There is a dramatic race to pick up and adopt IoT with the enthusiasm that was not seen in the past decade. Some countries provided a detailed plan for the implementation and deployment of IoT. These countries are integrating IoT in their day to day activities. 

The ITU-R Radio Assembly 2015 (RA-15) has recognized that the globally connected world of IoT builds on the connectivity and functionality made possible by Radiocommunication networks and that the growing number of IoT applications may require enhanced transmission speed, device connectivity, and energy efficiency to accommodate the significant amounts of data among a plethora of devices. RA-15 has approved Resolution 66 on the “Studies related to wireless systems and applications for the development of the Internet of Things”, and resolved to conduct studies on the technical and operational aspects of radio networks and systems for IoT in collaboration with ITU-T and relevant standards development organizations.

In general, IoT industrial ecosystem has two major networking landscapes: (i) unlicensed spectrum (e.g. LoRa, Sigfox) relying on shared-spectrum; and (ii) licensed spectrum with 3GPP standards (e.g. NB-IoT) relying on harmonised IMT exclusive spectrum.

In response to Resolution 66, ITU has adopted a comprehensive report dedicated to LPWAN as non-cellular IoT networks relying on spectrum harmonised for SRD operation (ITU-R SM.2423 on “Technical and operational aspects of low-power wide-area networks for machine-type communication and the Internet of Things in frequency ranges harmonised for SRD operation”).  

ITU-R WRC-15 has set WRC-19 agenda including agenda item 9.1.8 on IoT and MTC under WP-5D as the lead group. Issue (3) of the Annex to Resolution 958 (WRC-15) resolved to conduct urgent studies in preparation for WRC-19 on “Studies on the technical and operational aspects of radio networks and systems, as well as spectrum needed, including possible harmonized use of spectrum to support the implementation of narrowband and broadband machine-type communication infrastructures, in order to develop Recommendations, Reports and/or Handbooks, as appropriate, and to take appropriate actions within the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) scope of work.”

2	Abbreviations

APT		Asia-Pacific Telecommunity
AWG		APT Wireless Group
EIRP		Equivalent Isotopically Radiated Power
3GPP		3rd Generation Partnership Project
GURL-SRD 	General User Radio License for Short Range devices
IoT		Internet of Things
IMT		International Mobile Telecommunication
IP		Internet Protocol
ITU		International Telecommunication Union
LPWA		Low Power Wide Area
LPWAN	Low Power Wide Area Network
LTE		Long-Term Evolution
LTE-M		Long-Term Evolution for Machine
MTC		Machine Type Communications
NB-IoT		Narrowband Internet of Things
SCADA	Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SMEs		Small and Medium Enterprises
SRD		Short Range Device
RFID		Radio Frequency Identification
TG-IoT		IoT Task Group

3	Scope

IoT is a new form of interactions between devices and applications, or among devices, that do not necessarily require human interaction. Such MTC is also about collecting and distributing data, in real-time or non-real-time, managing connected devices, providing fitting connectivity. With a wide range of potential applications, MTC/IoT is gaining an interest among network/service providers, devices makers, vertical industries, entrepreneurs, start-ups, and SMEs.

In-order to achieve one of the terms of reference made at the AWG-22 meeting for the TG-IoT on “information about IoT on current status of regulation and frequency use in Asia-Pacific region, relevant technical standards, technical evolving trends, and studies upon IoT in relevant international and regional organisation”, the TG-IoT initiated a questionnaire on “Current Status and Future Plan of Implementation and Development of IoT in Asia Pacific Countries”. 

This report is based on the feedbacks for the mentioned questionnaire from Administrations listed below. 

AWG-23-INP-13 from Australia
AWG-23-INP-16 from Iran
AWG-23-INP-25 from New Zealand (NZ)
AWG-23-INP-34 from Papua New Guinea (PNG)
AWG-23-INP-45 from the Republic of Korea
AWG-23-INP-69 from Vietnam
AWG-23-INP-74 from Thailand
AWG-23-INP-77 from Japan
AWG-23-INP-108 from Bangladesh
AWG-23-INP-115 from Malaysia / AWG-24-INP-35 from Malaysia
AWG-24-INP-49 from India
AWG-24-INP-50 from Ericsson Thailand and Ericsson Vietnam
AWG-25-INP-44 from the Republic of Korea
AWG-26-INP-15 from Japan
AWG-25-INP-42 from the People’s Republic of China

4	IoT Applications

IoT is the next step in automation in almost every field including home automation, automation of healthcare devices over IP networks. IoT applications are limitless, however there are several key vertical markets which are emerging as areas where it is likely to scale first, offering major benefits for people and businesses alike. 

Survey Question 2: Which type of IoT applications have been deployed in your country? Please provide any other IoT categories should it not listed in the table below. 

Survey Question 15: Which type of IoT applications (e.g. Smart cities, Smart industry, Smart agriculture, Healthcare, etc) are intended/planned to be deployed in your country? Please provide any other IoT categories should it not listed in the table below. 	

Table 1 Type of IoT applications deployed
Category	Example of Use Cases	Very Popular	Popular	Rare	Non	
Smart City	•	Street lights management		Japan	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Road and structure sensors		Japan	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Waste management			Bangladesh
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam	NZ
PNG	
	•	Automatic locker		Japan			
	•	Bending machine monitoring and payment control	Japan				
	•	Water leak detector		Japan			
	•	Vending machines		India			
Smart Home	•	Water leak detector			Bangladesh
Japan
Malaysia
PNG
Thailand
Vietnam	NZ	
	•	Smart lighting			Bangladesh
Japan
Malaysia
NZ
PNG
Thailand
Vietnam		
	•	Video entry phone with internet connection		Japan
India			
	•	Air conditioning management		Japan			
	•	Smart metering		India			
Smart Agriculture 	•	Animal monitoring		Iran
Japan	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	Bangladesh
PNG	
	•	Crop management		Iran
Japan	Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam	Bangladesh
NZ
PNG	
Smart Transportation	•	Traffic management	Japan	Iran
NZ	Bangladesh
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Parking management	Japan	Iran
NZ	Bangladesh
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Billboard monitoring		Iran
Japan
NZ	Bangladesh
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
Smart Environment 	•	Measure level of water and flow	Japan	Bangladesh
Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Air quality monitoring	Japan	Bangladesh
Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Electricity Metering		NZ
Vietnam			
	•	Earthquake monitoring and alarm	Japan				
	•	Meteorological observation	Japan				
Smart Industry	•	Product management		Japan
Thailand	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
NZ
PNG
Vietnam		
	•	Energy saving		Japan
Thailand	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
NZ
PNG
Vietnam		
	•	Product tracking		Japan
Thailand	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
NZ
PNG
Vietnam		
Healthcare	•	Fall assistant		Japan
India	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam	NZ
PNG	
	•	E-health		Japan
India	Bangladesh
Iran
Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	PNG	
	•	Fitness trackers		NZ
India			

Table 2 Type of IoT applications intended to be deployed
Category	To Implement	Country	
		Bangladesh	India	Korea	Malaysia	PNG	Thailand	Vietnam	
Smart City	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined		2020	N/A		2017	On-going	
Smart Home	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes		Yes		Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined			N/A		2017	On-going	
Smart Agriculture	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined			N/A		2017	On-going	
Smart Transportation	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes		Yes		Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined			N/A		2015	On-going	
Smart Environment	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes		Yes		Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined			N/A		2017	On-going	
Smart Industry	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes		Yes		Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined			N/A		2018	On-going	
Healthcare	Yes/No	Not yet defined	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	
	Timeline	Not yet defined			N/A		2018	On-going	

5	Non-cellular IoT: LPWAN, ZigBee, RFID

IoT applications share specific connectivity and equipment requirements such as long range, low data rate, low energy consumption and cost effectiveness. The widely used short-range radio technologies (e.g. ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID) can be used but not for scenarios that require long range transmissions. Therefore, IoT applications’ requirements have driven the emergence of a new wireless communication technology, LPWAN. 

5.1	Non-cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment Status

Survey Question 1: Is there any IoT implementation and deployment in your country? If yes, please describe.

Survey Question 14: Do you have plan to implement any other application (except those mentioned in question 1) and/or allow IoT deployment in your country?	

Table 3 Current status and future deployment plans for non-cellular IoT
APT Member Country	Current status	Future plan	
Australia	•	Existing class licensed (analogous to unlicensed in other countries) smart metering applications in the 915-928 MHz frequency band
•	Expanding LPWAN for industrial sensing, monitoring and switching applications in the 928-935 MHz frequency band
Numerous other frequency bands and services are used for IoT deployments including WiFi, fixed point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, land mobile and satellite services.	NIL	
Bangladesh		Not yet decide	
China		None at this stage	
India	The leading service providers in the country are currently carrying trials in LoRa based IoT deployments. LoRa based IoT solutions for enterprises are already operational in India. 	The National Digital Communication Policy 2018 recognizes the need for IoT/ M2M connectivity services in sectors including Agriculture, Smart Cities, Intelligent Transport Networks, Multimodal Logistics, Smart Electricity Meter, Consumer Durables etc.	
Iran	1.	Metering of power consumption:
Operation of the network has started two years ago and its purpose is gathering information from energy metering devices. Type of the network is LoRaWAN. This network has been developed in two major cities including Tehran and Isfahan. Almost 20,000 devices installed at this project.
2.	IoT in Agriculture field:
The objective of the project is improving productivity of land by better management of irrigation. It is done by measurement of soil moisture, air temperature, air pressure, wind speed and direction as well as sunlight. The land area is about 100 km2.
3.	Tracking transportation goods between customs (RFID field)
The project has run by customs administration for better supervision and controlling of vehicles that are carrying goods between customs by tracking through RFID networks. This project improves customs process from the point of saving transportation time and cost.  	No	
Japan	Several radio communication systems relating to the IoT are deployed, for example, SIGFOX, LoRa, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi HaLow, Wi-SUN, ZigBee, and Bluetooth.	No	
Korea	From the IoT Association’s survey results conducted at the first half year in 2018, 232 kinds of IoT services implemented in the Republic of Korea	NIL	
Malaysia	There are IoT implementations and deployments in Malaysia, i.e power industry, medical industry, etc.	Yes, plan to implement smart grid/utilities for power and water	
NZ	There are numerous deployments of IoT network in New Zealand using a range of technologies, including LoRa/LPWAN systems.	No	
PNG	Very limited applications for private use. No public implementations	Yet to be determined	
Thailand	There are trials and deployment of LPWAN, and IoT using Short-Range Devices. The applications include smart home, precision farming, healthcare, and logistics.    	Yes	
Vietnam		Not yet	

5.2	Regulatory Framework for Non-cellular IoT
An appropriate regulatory framework plays an important role in IoT development. Therefore, it is essential for the administration to put in place an appropriate regulatory framework for IoT solutions and services based on unlicensed spectrum band(s), to promote innovation through the development of IoT solutions such as LPWAN technology. 

5.2.1	Applicable Licensing Regime for Non-cellular IoT

Survey Question 3: Is there any regulatory licensing regime applied on IoT (operator) in your country? (e.g. spectrum license, network license, etc) If yes, please indicate what kind of license.

Survey Question 4: Do you impose license fee and/or spectrum fee for IoT?

Survey Question 5: How many IoT operator for each license are currently operating in your country? Please describe for each license issued.

Survey Question 16: Do you intend/plan to impose licensing regime and other regulation(s) on IoT (operator)? If yes, please describe in detail for each application mentioned above.	

Table 4 Licensing Regime for non-cellular IoT
APT Member Country	Licensing Regime Applicable for non-cellular IoT
(e.g. Spectrum License, Network License)	
Australia	All licence types apply, e.g. to facilitate the applications listed under section 3:
•	Existing industrial sensing and control links and networks are authorized through conventional apparatus licensing (per device licensing) regime
•	Sensing, metering monitoring and switching applications (generally) authorised through class licensing regime	
Bangladesh	Till now there is no licensing regime applied on IoT in our country but an instruction regarding importing IoT Device and providing IoT services to the clients in standalone made (i.e smart buildings etc.).	
India	There are no IoT specific regulatory licensing regime applicable in India. However, DoT is contemplating to introduce M2M Service Provider registration process wherein all such entities who intend to provide M2M/IoT based services have to register with DoT (no need of license to provide such services). The existing Licensees of DoT can provide M2M/IoT application-based services but they also have to register for separate M2M Service Provider registration process being formulated by DoT. DoT is also contemplating to introduce new soft touch license for the connectivity providers using LPWAN technology.	
Iran	A class license for IoT devices the same as SRD devices. The license is including some regulations such as allowed radio channels, power transmitter limitation and other specifications, IoT devices should consider these regulations and the license is public. IoT networks before establishing and running should be notified to the regulatory	
Japan	Licensing regime generally applies radio stations or equipment including that for the IoT.
1.	A license for a radio station or equipment with specific spectrum channel assignment. 
2.	A blanket license that covers specified radio stations within an operator.
3.	The Technical Regulations Conformity Certification System can be applied for specified radio station or equipment. It will not require a license.	
Korea	A variety of MTC/IoT services have been deployed in the license-exempt bands (see Annex A).	
Malaysia	Network Facility Provider (Individual) License (NFP-I), Network Service Provider (Individual) License (NSP-I). IoT spectrum usage is provided under Class Assignment (unlicensed).	
NZ	Any operator can deploy IoT network and provide services and it is not compulsory to obtain a “network operator” status in New Zealand. However, IoT operators could choose to become a “network operator” if one requires special rights to carry out a telecommunication business, including land access for laying lines or constructing telecommunication facilities. 

For IoT network based on LoRa and LPWAN systems, these networks typically operate within frequency bands permitted under GURL-SRD. This GURL provides for certain classes of radio transmitters to be used without the need for the user to obtain an individual licence in New Zealand. This is similar to a licence-exempt regime where frequency use is on a no-interference no-protection basis.	
PNG	Operator licenses – General license for ICT infrastructure
Spectrum License – Required for utilization of licensed Radio frequency	
Thailand	Equipment Licenses and Telecommunication Network/Service Licenses	
Vietnam	IoT applications use unlicensed spectrum. 
For the IoT devices operating on unlicensed spectrum, they must comply with our regulation on technical and operational requirements. The operation of IoT devices in unlicensed spectrum is on a non-interference and non-protected basis.	

Table 5 Licence/Spectrum fee and Number of licence issued for non-cellular IoT
Country	Impose licence fee and/or spectrum fee for non-cellular IoT	Number of licensed non-cellular IoT operator	
Australia	•	Class licensed devices pay no fee	Operations authorised under a class licence do not require any interaction with the administration (analogous to unlicensed use in other countries), so devices/systems are not registered. It is therefore not possible to provide an estimate of how many IoT operators are licensed within Australia.	
Bangladesh	No	N/A	
China	Spectrum License: Not Free；
Radio Station License: Free.	3	
India	There are no IoT specific license fee, or spectrum allocation in India. Telecom service providers may deliver IoT services using their existing licenses under non-interference and no protection basis.	N/A	
Iran	The IoT networks that are included the class license, we don’t impose any fee.	There isn't any IoT operator in Iran.	
Japan	Each license holder shall pay for a usage fee for spectrum.	Because IoT operator is not listed on the current licensee category, this item is under survey.	
Korea	No	There is no dedicated IoT operator in Korea.	
Malaysia	No fees are imposed for Class Assignment (unlicensed bands). 		
NZ	For IoT network based on LoRa and LPWAN systems, the use of frequency bands permitted under GURL-SRD is free of charge.	N/A	
PNG	Operator and spectrum fees will be applicable	No commercial operators	
Thailand	Fees are imposed for IoT systems with high power devices operating in unlicensed bands.    	Three operators are requesting for IoT service licenses for systems operating in ISM bands.  	
Vietnam	IoT using unlicensed spectrum will be exempted from license and spectrum fee.	We have not issued any frequency band license for IoT operator yet. There is one operator to be granted frequency channels usage license for smart metering. 
For other kinds of license such as IoT network license or service license, it is under further consideration.	

Table 6 Plans on imposing licence and regulations for non-cellular IoT
Country	Licensing regime	Other regulations	
Australia	No, apart from already described	No, apart from already described	
Bangladesh	Not yet defined	Not yet defined	
China	None at this stage	None at this stage	
Korea	No	No	
Malaysia	Yes, with reference to provisions in our Communications and Multimedia (Licensing) Regulations 2000.		
NZ	No	No	
PNG	Yet to be determined	Yet to be determined	
Thailand	No current plan to issue licenses specific to applications. Only network/telecommunications service licenses are now applied.	
Viet Nam	N/A	N/A	

5.2.2	Spectrum Policy for Non-cellular IoT

5.2.2.1	“Technology Neutral” Spectrum Policy for Non-cellular IoT

Survey Question 6: Do you apply or plan to apply ‘Technology Neutral’ spectrum policy for IoT?	

(i)	Australia

In general, yes, spectrum arrangements do not specify any technology types. However, the spectrum management arrangements that are in place for LPWA IoT are optimised to accommodate established or emerging technologies such that domestic industry and consumers can leverage economies of scale and keep pace with international developments.

Australia observes that there are myriad communications bearer types that can carry IoT application data at different levels. It is therefore somewhat nebulous and therefore difficult to list the frequency bands that carry IoT applications (to some extent, much of the spectrum could be in-part attributed to IoT in some way or another). The table below thus contains key examples only:

Table 7 Technologies adopted for each IoT category in Australia
Frequency Band Allocation	IoT Category (Examples)	Type of Technologies (e.g. ZigBee, Wi-Fi, RFID, LPWA, etc)	
915-928 MHz			Smart metering	
	Throughput	Low 	ZigBee, RFID, LPWA	
	Latency	Mid-high	ZigBee, RFID, LPWA	
	Resiliency	Low 	ZigBee, RFID, LPWA	
	Coverage	Long range	ZigBee, RFID, LPWA	
928-935 MHz	Throughput	Low	LPWA	
	Latency	High	LPWA	
	Resiliency	Mid 	LPWA	
	Coverage	Long range	LPWA	
2400-2483 MHz/
5725-5875 MHz	Throughput	High	Wi-Fi	
	Latency	Low-mid	Wi-Fi	
	Resiliency	Low-mid	Wi-Fi	
	Coverage	Short range	Wi-Fi	

(ii)	Bangladesh

Not yet.

Table 8 Technologies adopted for each IoT category in Bangladesh
 Frequency Band Allocation	Type of Technologies (e.g. ZigBee, Wi-Fi, RFID, LPWA, etc)	
818-824 MHz	General SRD	
863-869 MHz	General SRD 	
922-925 MHz	RFID 	
2400-2450 MHz	SRDs
RFID, Wi-Fi	
2450-2483.5 MHz	SRDs
RFID, Wi-Fi	
2483.5-2500 MHz	SRDs
RFID	
5725-5830 MHz	Wi-Fi, SRDs	
5830-5850 MHz	Wi-Fi, SRDs	
5850-5925 MHz	Wi-Fi, SRDs	

(iii)	India

India is following a technology neutral approach for all services offered on spectrum bands auctioned. The Indian service providers are currently trialling LoRa based IoT solutions.

(iv)	Iran

Technology neutral for:
•	433.05 – 434.79 MHz
•	863 – 875.8 MHz

(v)	Japan 

No. 

Table 9 Technologies adopted for each IoT category in Japan
Frequency Band Allocation	IoT Category	Type of Technologies	
13.56MHz	Throughput	Low	RFID	
	Latency	Low	RFID	
	Resiliency	Low	RFID	
	Coverage	Low	RFID	
920MHz	Throughput	Low	LoRa, RFID, SIGFOX, Wi-SUN, ZigBee	
		Mid	Wi-Fi HaLow	
	Latency	Low	ZigBee, RFID	
		Mid	Wi-Fi HaLow	
		High	LoRa, SIGFOX, Wi-SUN	
	Resiliency	Low	RFID, Wi-SUN	
		Mid 	Wi-Fi HaLow, ZigBee	
		High	LoRa, SIGFOX	
	Coverage	Short range	RFID, Wi-Fi HaLow, Wi-SUN, ZigBee	
		Long range	LoRa, SIGFOX	
2.4GHz	Throughput	Low	ZigBee	
		Mid	Bluetooth	
		High	Wi-Fi	
	Latency	Low 	ZigBee	
		Mid	Wi-Fi	
		High	Bluetooth	
	Resiliency	Low	Bluetooth	
		Mid	ZigBee, Wi-Fi	
	Coverage	Short range	ZigBee, Wi-Fi	
5GHz	Throughput	High	Wi-Fi	
	Latency	Low	Wi-Fi	
	Resiliency	Mid	Wi-Fi	
	Coverage	Short range	Wi-Fi	

(vi)	Korea

In some cases, technical regulations described bandwidth, modulation type, class of emission, etc., but in other cases power and spurious emission are regulated in terms of technology neutrality, especially in ISM bands.

(vii)	Malaysia

Yes.

(viii)	NZ

Yes.

(ix)	PNG

Yet to be determined.

(x)	Thailand

NBTC maintains its role to promote the principle of technology neutrality. 
For unlicensed frequencies, the regulation is designed to support all technologies to coexist in the bands. 

5.2.2.2	Spectrum Allocation for Non-cellular IoT

Survey Question 7: Do you allocate any spectrum for IoT applications, in term of shared or dedicated, license or unlicensed? If yes, please provide the frequency band(s), channel arrangement/bandwidth and related IoT applications.

Survey Question 17: Do you have any plan (or possibilities) to assign new frequency band(s) or to make available the existing frequency band(s) for IoT in the next five years (including shared and/or dedicated spectrum)? If yes, please provide the information on frequency band(s), bandwidth, technolog(ies), standards, applications and other regulations (If available).	

(i)	Australia

Yes, as noted above all scenarios are catered for in Australian spectrum arrangements. One specific example is the allocation in the 928-935 MHz frequency band to support LPWA networks. Authorisation will be via class licence from 2021 onwards. This means a fee will not be payable, and operators will be free to operate without interaction with the administration as long as they meet specific conditions of the class licence, being:

•	Devices operated as fixed installations (not less than six months)
•	Authorisation is on a non-exclusive basis (i.e. no protection from other authorised devices, accordingly users will need to make their own assessment of the suitability of these arrangements for their proposed applications)
•	EIRP not to exceed 25 mW (14 dBm)
•	Radiated PSD not to exceed -14.5 dBm/kHz
•	Duty cycle limits to apply (TBD – likely to be 0.1% averaged over one hour on any given frequency).

(ii)	Bangladesh

	Frequency Band	Technology	
922 – 924 MHz	RFID	
433.05 – 434.79 MHz	LPWA	
863 – 869 MHz	LPWA	

Not decided yet to assign new frequency band(s) in future. 

(iii)	China

None at this stage

(iv)	India

No specific spectrum band is identified for IoT applications.

DoT is conscious of the fact that there are requirements of the IoT industry for more spectrum needs. The need to open up more unlicensed bands for deployment of applications / services (technology neutral) will be considered if there is demand for same from the industry.  

(v)	Iran

Bands	License/unlicensed	Shared/dedicated	bandwidth	applications	
169 MHz	Unlicensed	Shared	75 KHz	Short range devices	
433 MHz			1.74 MHz	Short range devices	
860 MHz			12.8 MHz	Non-3GPP Long range devices	
5.8 GHz			150 MHz	Short range devices	
2.4 GHz			83.5 MHz	Short range devices	

(vi)	Japan

The bands for ISM are already assigned unlicensed shared spectrum and can also partly be used for IoT device.

(vii)	Korea

Reference to Annex A.

Under consideration on new frequency bands in future. 

(viii)	Malaysia

Yes, for unlicensed.

No plan currently to assign new frequency bands or to make available existing frequency bands for specifically IoT applications. 

(ix)	NZ

New Zealand does not allocate specific spectrum for IoT applications. We are aware that certain operators may have their own preference toward using certain frequency bands due to harmonisation in international standards and the availability of equipment ecosystem.

At the conclusion of a recent review of VHF spectrum in 174-230 MHz, it was decided that a block of 10 MHz spectrum in the frequency range 210-220 MHz will be reserved for short-term IoT trial in New Zealand. The intention of the short-term trials is to provide a less restrictive environment for industry stakeholders to test various innovative IoT applications that are not necessarily standardised yet.

A final decision to permanently allow IoT application in the frequency range 210-220 MHz in the long term would subject to the scale of the trials and the eventual demand from industry after the end of the trial period.

(x)	PNG

Yet to be determine on spectrum allocation for IoT application.

Still under consideration on new frequency bands in future. 

(xi)	Thailand

Spectrum	Share type	License	
30-50 MHz	Shared	Unlicensed	
54-57 MHz	Shared	Unlicensed	
300-500 MHz	Shared	Unlicensed	
700 MHz	Shared	Unlicensed	
920-925 MHz	Shared	Unlicensed	

No plan to allocate exclusive frequency bands for IoT. However, IoT systems can operate in the bands newly allocated for unlicensed devices in the future. 

(xii)	Vietnam

We do not allocate any dedicate band for IoT applications. Almost the IoT applications are using unlicensed spectrum, except for machine to machine communication applications (smart electrical metering) using licensed frequency channel (400 MHz range and bandwidth around 50 kHz).

The table below lists the frequency bands which have been used widely by IoT applications.

Type of unlicensed radio devices	FREQUENCY BAND	
Radio telemetry devices	433.05 ÷ 434.79 MHz	Unlicensed spectrum	
Non-specific short-range devices	918.4 ÷ 923 MHz		
	2400 ÷ 2483.5 MHz		
	5725 ÷ 5850 MHz		

5.2.2.3	Concerns of Allocating Spectrum for Non-cellular IoT Applications

Survey Question 8: Do you have any concern of allocating spectrum for IoT application, such as co-and-adjacent channel interference, spectrum sharing within the same frequency band? Please write your concerns for each of the relative frequency band(s).	

Table 10 Concerns of allocation spectrum for non-cellular IoT applications
Country	Concern of Allocating Spectrum for non-cellular IoT applications (e.g. co-and-adjacent channel interference, spectrum sharing)	
Australia	No. In the example provided above there is a trade-off between interference management and efficiency when it comes to sharing. The identification of specific frequencies for non-exclusive LPWA carries the unavoidable consequence of interference potential between IoT users. Duty cycle limits will help mitigate this, but interference potential is inevitable – technologies and protocols will need to be implemented that take account of this.	
Bangladesh	Not yet defined	
China	None at this stage.	
India	At present there is no such plan.	
Iran	Yes, according to answer to the question 7, IoT bands have shared with another service, therefore having harmful radio interferences is possible. Based on this concern, technical regulations should be considered.	
Japan	In ISM bands, coexistence is the most concerns. Interoperability in the world wide is also concerned for spectrum assignment of radio station or equipment.	
Korea	Most IoT services are provided on a shared basis of spectrum in the ISM bands.	
Malaysia	Yes, there are a few concerns:
1.	Adjacent band with licensed services
2.	Sharing within same band for various IoT applications
3.	Use of spectrum for IoT shall not impose any constraint to existing services	
NZ	In New Zealand, the frequency band in 915-928 MHz is one of the popular frequency choices for IoT deployment based on LoRa and LPWAN systems. Due to the frequencies immediately below 915 MHz have been designated for commercial mobile network, we have imposed a specific out-of-band emission limit for short range devices (including IoT applications) operating within 915-928 MHz through a special condition under GURL-SRD. This special condition aims to afford adequate protection for the operation of commercial mobile network immediately below 915 MHz.	
PNG	Yet to be determined	
Thailand	Yes. The Office of NBTC has two major concerns as follows: 

•	Co-and-adjacent channel interference due to different technologies operating in unlicensed bands.  
•	Fair spectrum access and occupancy from different IoT technologies.  	
Vietnam	We are concern about the potential of interference from IoT devices to licensed radio systems, especially the systems providing public mobile services in the frequency range 920 MHz. 

Particularly, in Vietnam, IoT devices are allocated the band 918.4-923 MHz with the transmitter power restriction of 25 mW ERP. In the recent time, some companies requested the Government to increase the maximum of output transmit power from 25 mW ERP up to 100 mW ERP as well as shift the frequency band 918.4-923 MHz to 918.4-923.5 MHz. The changes in permitted frequency band or transmitter output power may cause harmful interference to mobile services in adjacent bands if the Government do not investigate compatibility studies before approval.	

5.2.3	Current Technical Specification/Standards for Non-cellular IoT

Survey Question 9: What is technical specification/standards the IoT require to comply with?	

(i)	Australia

928-935 MHz frequency band allocated to support LPWA networks. Authorisation will be via class licence from 2021 onwards. This means a fee will not be payable, and operators will be free to operate without interaction with the administration as long as they meet specific conditions of the class licence, being:

•	Devices operated as fixed installations (not less than six months)
•	Authorisation is on a non-exclusive basis (i.e. no protection from other authorised devices, accordingly users will need to make their own assessment of the suitability of these arrangements for their proposed applications)
•	EIRP not to exceed 25 mW (14 dBm)
•	Radiated PSD not to exceed -14.5 dBm/kHz
•	Duty cycle limits to apply (TBD – likely to be 0.1% averaged over one hour on any given frequency).

(ii)	Bangladesh

Not yet defined

(iii)	India
Not yet defined. 

(iv)	Iran 

Frequency Band
(MHz)	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
169.4-169.475	According to answer of question 6	500 mW e.r.p.		≤ 1.0 % duty cycle	≤ 50 kHz	ECC/DEC/(05)02	
433.05-434.79		10 mW e.r.p.		≤ 10 % duty cycle	Not specified	ETSI EN 300 220	
863-875.8		ERC REC. 70-03	
2400-2483.5		10 mW e.i.r.p	-	-	-	EN 300 440	
5725-5875		25 mW e.i.r.p	-	-	-	EN 300 440	

(v)	Japan

Frequency Band	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
13.56MHz	RF-ID							
312-315.25MHz	SRD	 250mW
			1000 kHz			
312-315.05MHz	SRD	 25mW
			1000 kHz			
426.025-426.1375
(12.5 kHz spacing)	SRD	 16.4 mW(			 8.5kHz			
426.0375-426.1125
(25 kHz spacing)
	SRD	 16.4 mW(			> 8.5
 16 kHz			
429.175-429.7375
(12.5 kHz spacing)	SRD	 16.4 mW(	Carrier sence		 8.5kHz			
429.8125-429.9250
(12.5 kHz spacing)	SRD	 16.4 mW(	Carrier sence		 8.5kHz			
449.7125-449.8250
(12.5 kHz spacing)	SRD	 16.4 mW(	Carrier sence		 8.5kHz			
449.8375-449.8875
(12.5 kHz spacing)	SRD	 16.4 mW(	Carrier sence		 8.5kHz			
469.4375-469.4875
(12.5 kHz spacing)	SRD	 16.4 mW(	Carrier sence		 8.5kHz			
916-928
(100 kHz spacing)	SRD	 2 mW	Carrier sence		 200kHz			
920.6-928
(100 kHz spacing)	LoRa, SIGFOX	 40 mW	Carrier sence		 200kHz			
916.1-927.9
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW	Carrier sence		> 200
 400kHz			
920.7-927.9
(100 kHz spacing)		 40 mW
	Carrier sence		> 200
 400kHz			
916.2-927.8
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		> 400
 600kHz			
920.8-927.8
(100 kHz spacing)		 40 mW
	Carrier sence		> 400
 600kHz			
916.3-927.7
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		> 600
 800kHz			
920.9-927.7
(100 kHz spacing)		 40 mW
	Carrier sence		> 600
 800kHz			
916.4-927.6
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		> 800
 1000kHz			
921.4-927.6
(100 kHz spacing)		 40 mW
	Carrier sence		> 800
 1000kHz			
928.15-929.65
(100 kHz spacng)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		 100 kHz			
928.2-929.6
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		> 100
 200 kHz			
928.25-929.55
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		 200
 300 kHz			
928.3-929.5
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		 300
 400 kHz			
928.35-929.45
(100 kHz spacing)		 2 mW
	Carrier sence		400
 500 kHz			
1 216-1 217
(50 kHz spacing)		 16.4 mW	Carrier sence		 100kHz			
1 252-1 253
(50 kHz spacing)		 16.4 mW	Carrier sence		> 100
 200kHz			
1216.0125-1216.9875
(25 kHz spacing)		 16.4 mW	Carrier sence		> 200
 300kHz			
1252.0125-1252.9875
(25 kHz spacing)		 16.4 mW	Carrier sence		> 300
 400kHz			
1216.5375-1216.9875
(25 kHz spacing)		 16.4 mW	Carrier sence		> 400
 500kHz			
1252.5375-1252.9875
(25 kHz spacing)		 16.4 mW	Carrier sence		 16kHz			
917-927
(1MHz spacing)	Wi-Fi	 1 mW
	Carrier sence					
920MHz
	Wi-SUN		Carrier sence					
	RF-ID		Carrier sence	 1s
				
				 100ms@duty10%				
				 100ms@duty0.1%				
	Wi-Fi	 1 mW
(16 dBm)	Carrier sence					
	ZigBee		Carrier sence					
2 400-2 483.5MHz	Bluetooth	 4.9 mW/MHz
	Frequency hopping
		FH or FH/DS:  85.5 MHz			
	Wi-Fi	 16 mW/MHz
	Carrier sence	 4ms	 26 MHz 			
	ZigBee		Carrier sence					
5 150-5 250 MHz	Wi-Fi	20 MHz system:
 10 mW/MHz
40 MHz system:
 5 mW/MHz 	Dynamic Frequency Selection and Transmit Power Control are required for the key station.	 4ms	20 MHz system: 
 19 MHz
40 MHz system:
 38 MHz 
		(indoor use only)	
5 150-5 350 MHz	Wi-Fi	20 MHz system:
With TPC:
 10 mW/MHz
Without TPC:
 5 mW/MHz
40 MHz system:
With TPC:
 5 mW/MHz
Without TPC:
 2.5 mW/MH	Dynamic Frequency Selection and Transmit Power Control are required for the key station.		20 MHz system: 
 19 MHz
40 MHz system:
 38 MHz 
		(indoor use only)	
5 470-5 725MHz	Wi-Fi	 50 mW/MHz
(17 dBm/MHz)
	Dynamic Frequency Selection and Transmit Power Control are required for the key station.		 19.7 MHz
			
57-66 GHz
	Wi-Fi	 10 mW
(not specified)	Not required		 9 GHz			
		>  10 mW 
 400 mW	Not required		 9 GHz			

(vi)	Korea

Refer to Annex A

(vii)	Malaysia

Frequency Band	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
3155 kHz - 3400 kHz	Technology neutral	According to Malaysia’s Class Assignment (2nd Schedule)	
6765 kHz - 6795 kHz			
10200 kHz - 11000 kHz			
13553 kHz - 13567 kHz			
26.957 MHz - 27.283 MHz			
40.660 MHz - 40.700 MHz			
87.5 MHz - 108 MHz			
433 MHz - 435 MHz			
916 MHz - 919 MHz			
919 MHz - 923 MHz			
923 MHz - 924 MHz			
1880 MHz - 1900 MHz			
2400 MHz - 2500 MHz			
5150 MHz - 5350 MHz			
5470 MHz - 5650 MHz			
5725 MHz - 5875 MHz			
24 GHz - 24.250 GHz			
57 GHz - 64 GHz			
76 GHz - 77 GHz			
122 GHz - 123 GHz			
244 GHz - 246 GHz			

(viii)	NZ

Any transmitters operating in IoT network based on LoRa and LPWAN systems must confirm to the prescribed limits and standards that relates to the licence that they are operating under. In this case, IoT network operating within the frequency bands permitted under GURL-SRD shall meet the technical parameters and emission limits as laid out in the special condition of the GURL as well as the applicable standards prescribed in the New Zealand Radio Standards Notice.   

(ix)	PNG

None at this stage.

(x)	Thailand

Frequency Band	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
920-925 MHz	Neutral	500mW	DC at 10% or Frequency Hopping	0.4 sec in 4 seconds	Maximum at 500 kHz	Following

ETSI EN 300 220-1 or FCC Part 15

(xi)	Vietnam

Frequency Band	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
433.05 ÷ 434.79 MHz	Technology neutrality 	≤ 10 mW ERP	N/A	N/A	N/A	≥ 40 dBc at a distance of 3 m		
918.4 ÷ 923 MHz	Technology neutrality	≤ 25 mW ERP	Yes	Duty cycle limitation of 1%.	N/A	According to spurious emission limit 2		
2400 ÷ 2483.5 MHz	Technology neutrality	≤ 10 mW EIRP for generic devices.
≤ 100 mW EIRP and ≤ 100 mW/100KHz EIRP for devices using FHSS modulation or ≤ 10 mW/1MHz EIRP for devices using other spread modulations	N/A	N/A	N/A	According to spurious emission limit 2		
5725 ÷ 5850 MHz	Technology neutrality	≤ 25 mW EIRP	N/A	N/A	N/A	According to spurious emission limit 2		

Note 2: Spurious emission limit 2
Frequency (f)	Active mode	Standby mode	
47 MHz ≤ f ≤ 74 MHz; 
87.5 MHz ≤ f ≤ 118 MHz; 
174 MHz ≤ f ≤ 230 MHz; 
470 MHz ≤ f ≤ 862 MHz	-54 dBm (4nW)	-57 dBm (2nW)	
In the other frequencies below 1000 MHz	-36 dBm (250nW)	-57 dBm (2nW)	
In the frequency f ≥ 1000 MHz	-30 dBm (1µW)	-47 dBm (20nW)	

5.2.4	Current Non-cellular IoT Deployment Conditions/Restrictions

Survey Question 10: Please provide the IoT deployment conditions/restrictions for each IoT technology mentioned in question 6 (reference Table):
•	Approximately number of IoT devices are operated in each authorised frequency band. 
•	Maximum deployment density for assumed typical use-cases. 
•	Location of typical deployment.
•	Maximum expected speed for the typical mobility use-case.

Note: Please complete one table for each technology.	

(i)	Bangladesh

No	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1	RFID	922-924	09 Approx Tag/Bar code Reader 		Indoor large room (eg factory)	Fixed 	
		922-924	100+ Toll calculating RFID Device 		Outdoor urban/ Outdoor rural	Fixed 	

(ii)	India

The deployment density is a function of the use case. The smart meters deployed currently in dense urban areas assume over 10,000 devices per square Km. Some other use cases like smart tracking has a different low value for the density
•	Location of typical deployment.
•	Maximum expected speed for the typical mobility use-case.

(iii)	Iran

No.	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1	Zigbee	2400-2483.5	B	B	A, B, C, D		
		5725-5875	B	B	A, B, C, D		
2	Wi-Fi	2400-2483.5	B	B	A, B, C, D		
		5725-5875	B	B	A, B, C, D		
3	RFID	433.05- 434.79169	B	B	A, B, C, D		
		2400-2483.5	B	B	A, B, C, D		
		5725-5875	B	B	A, B, C, D		
4	LPWA	863-875.8 MHz	B	B	A, B, C, D		

(iv)	Japan

This item is under survey.

(v)	Thailand

No.	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1	Wi-Fi	2.4-2.5 GHz	D	C	A,B	A,B,C	
		5.725-5.850 GHz	Unknown	Unknown	A,B,C	A,B,C	
2	RFID	920-925 MHz	D	C	A,B,C	A,B,C	
		433 MHz	Unknown	Unknown	A,B,C	A,B,C	
3	LPWA	920-925 MHz	B	C	C,D	A,B,C	

(vi)	Vietnam

N/A

5.2.5	Other Regulations Applicable to Non-cellular IoT

Survey Question 11: If there are other regulations, please describe.	

Table 11 Other regulations application for non-cellular IoT
Country	Other Regulations Applicable for non-cellular IoT	
Bangladesh	Not yet decided	
China	None at this stage.	
Iran	No	
India	N/A	
Japan	Extremely low power radio stations and specified radio stations operating for a certain purpose and using radio equipment under certain conditions do not require a license.	
Korea	No	
Malaysia	None	
New Zealand	N/A	
Papua New Guinea	None at this stage	
Thailand	No	
Vietnam	N/A	

5.3	Current Issues Encountered Relating to Non-cellular IoT Communication System

Survey Question 12: Is there any issue related to IoT communication system?	

Table 12 Issues encountered for non-cellular IoT
	Very Serious	Serious	Rare	No	
Congestion of frequency band	Malaysia	Iran
Thailand	NZ	PNG
Japan
Vietnam	
Security	Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand		PNG
Japan4
Vietnam	
Performance		Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand	Japan4
PNG
Vietnam	
Interference between IoT and SRD/RFID/others within the same frequency band		Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand
Vietnam	Japan4
PNG	
Interference between IoT and services in the adjacent frequency band	Iran	Malaysia	NZ
Thailand	Japan4
PNG
Vietnam	

5.4	Other Issues to be Addressed in Non-cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment

Survey Question 18: Is there any issue related to IoT communication system?	

Table 13 Issues to be addressed in non-cellular IoT implementation and deployment
Country	Issues to be addressed in non-cellular IoT implementation and deployment	
Australia	No	
Bangladesh	N/A 	
China	None at this stage	
India	1.	The issue of data privacy, data protection, data security and data ownership in the IoT is of significant importance and deliberations around it with sharing of best practices and evolving a mechanism to deal with it may be considered for study in the region.
2.	The interoperability of various IoT platforms and related applications to avoid creation of silos is possible only if we follow some standards based approach in such deployments. It is critical for smart city planners. Deliberations, suggestions and adoption of such standards based approach from the region on this aspect will boost the growth of IoT ecosystem.
3.	Security of telecom networks is of vital importance and accordingly it is embedded in various standards related to telecom networks deployments. In IoT landscape also, security is equally critical, more so when we deal with billions of sensors and therefore we need to evolve secured communications protocols for M2M/ IoT as well.       	
Iran	1.	One of the top concerns in IoT projects is poor cybersecurity implementations in applications, networks, data and equipment,
2.	Spectrum needs,
3.	Conditions of IoT data storage,
4.	Lack of Confidentiality,
5.	Privacy.	
Japan	No	
Malaysia	No	
New Zealand	No	
Papua New Guinea	None at this stage	
Thailand	Yes. The additional issues are follows: 
1.	interoperability among different technologies
2.	privacy
3.	redundancy of IoT infrastructure
4.	class of critical applications  	
Vietnam	N/A	

6	Cellular IoT

6.1	Cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment Status

Survey Question 1: Is there any IoT implementation and deployment in your country? If yes, please describe.

Survey Question 14: Do you have plan to implement any other application (except those mentioned in question 1) and/or allow IoT deployment in your country?	

Table 14 Current status and future deployment plan for cellular IoT
APT Member Country	Current status	Future plan	
Australia	•	Existing industrial sensing and control links and networks (e.g. SCADA in 400 MHz and 800 MHz bands)
•	Expanding trials and deployments of 3GPP-standardised cellular IoT capabilities such as Cat M1 and NB-IoT on existing mobile networks	NIL	
Bangladesh	IoT is an embedded system which is recently introduced in small scale like NMS for maintaining BTS, water/fuel level measurement system, smart home alarm systems etc.	Not yet decide	
China	There are different types of IoT systems deployed in China, for example, NB-IoT, eMTC.	None at this stage	
India	The leading service providers in the country are currently carrying trials in NB-IoT, eMTC based IoT deployments. 
Many M2M/IoT solution providers in India are providing SIM based IoT services in collaboration with MNOs apart from using other unlicensed frequency bands for provision of services.	The National Digital Communication Policy 2018 recognizes the need for IoT/ M2M connectivity services in sectors including Agriculture, Smart Cities, Intelligent Transport Networks, Multimodal Logistics, Smart Electricity Meter, Consumer Durables etc.	
Iran	NIL	No	
Japan	Several radio communication systems relating to the IoT are deployed, for examples LTE, LTE-M, NB-IoT	No	
Korea	232 kinds of IoT services implemented in the Republic of Korea	NIL	
Malaysia	There are IoT implementations and deployments in Malaysia, i.e power industry, medical industry and etc.	Yes, plan to implement smart grid/utilities for power and water	
NZ	There are numerous deployments of IoT network in New Zealand using a range of technologies, including IMT systems.	No	
PNG	Very limited applications for private use. No public implementations	Yet to be determined
	
Thailand	there are trials and deployment of Cellular NB-IoT. The applications include smart home, precision farming, healthcare, and logistics.    	Yes	
Vietnam	Almost IoT implementation in Vietnam is for private network or vertical sectors such as smart home, smart metering, smart card, smart agriculture. Notably, there is one private smart metering network with above 7 million of IoT devices has been implemented by electrical metering utilities for several years.

It was expected for Government to develop regulatory policy and standardized connectivity interfaces/platforms for IoT powering smart cities vision in next few years.	Not yet	

6.2	Regulatory Framework for Cellular IoT

6.2.1	Applicable Licensing Regime for Cellular IoT

Survey Question 3: Is there any regulatory licensing regime applied on IoT (operator) in your country? (e.g. spectrum license, network license, etc) If yes, please indicate what kind of license.

Survey Question 4: Do you impose license fee and/or spectrum fee for IoT?

Survey Question 5: How many IoT operator for each license are currently operating in your country? Please describe for each license issued.

Survey Question 16: Do you intend/plan to impose licensing regime and other regulation(s) on IoT (operator)? If yes, please describe in detail for each application mentioned above.	

Table 15 Licensing Regime for cellular IoT
Country	Licensing regime applicable for cellular IoT
(e.g. Spectrum License, Network License)	
Australia	All licence types apply, e.g. to facilitate the applications listed under section 3:
•	Existing industrial sensing and control links and networks are authorized through conventional apparatus licensing (per device licensing) regime
•	3GPP-standardised IoT on existing mobile networks captured under existing mobile network licences – generally under wide area spectrum licensing regime	
Bangladesh	Till now there is no licensing regime applied on IoT in our country but an instruction regarding importing IoT Device and providing IoT services to the clients in standalone made (i.e smart buildings etc.).	
China	The Cellular IoT systems, include NB-IoT and eMTC, deployed in China. The administrations for them are as follow:
 It is necessary to obtain the radio station license and radio spectrum license.	
India	There are no IoT specific regulatory licensing regime applicable in India. However, DoT is contemplating to introduce M2M Service Provider registration process wherein all such entities who intend to provide M2M/IoT based services have to register with DoT (no need of license to provide such services). The existing Licensees of DoT can provide M2M/IoT application-based services but they also have to register for separate M2M Service Provider registration process being formulated by DoT. DoT is also contemplating to introduce new soft touch license for the connectivity providers using LPWAN technology.	
Iran	The first section is license of mobile broadband operators. According to the license, operators can run narrow band IoT networks as a value-added service in their bands. 	
Japan	Licensing regime generally applies radio stations or equipment including that for the IoT.
1.	A license for a radio station or equipment with specific spectrum channel assignment. 
2.	A blanket license that covers specified radio stations within an operator.
3.	The Technical Regulations Conformity Certification System can be applied for specified radio station or equipment. It will not require a license.	
Korea	A variety of MTC/IoT services have been deployed in the licensed bands granted to mobile communication operators based on LTE technologies (see Annex A).	
Malaysia	Network Facility Provider (Individual) License (NFP-I), Network Service Provider (Individual) License (NSP-I). 	
New Zealand	Any operator can deploy IoT network and provide services and it is not compulsory to obtain a “network operator” status in New Zealand. However, IoT operators could choose to become a “network operator” if one requires special rights to carry out a telecommunication business, including land access for laying lines or constructing telecommunication facilities. 

For IMT-based IoT deployed by mobile network operators, these networks typically operate within frequency bands of commercial mobile network where the necessary long-term spectrum rights have been assigned to those mobile network operators through competitive spectrum auction. In New Zealand, the spectrum rights are assigned on a technology-flexible approach where mobile network operators could manage their spectrum resources and choose to whether deploy IoT in some or all of those frequency bands.	
Papua New Guinea	Operator licenses – General license for ICT infrastructure
Spectrum License – Required for utilization of licensed Radio frequency	
Thailand	Equipment Licenses and Telecommunication Network/Service Licenses	
Vietnam	IoT applications use licensed spectrum. 
For IoT devices operating on licensed spectrum, the frequency channels (bands) licensing regime will be applied. Their operation will be protected from harmful interference.	

Table 16 Licence/spectrum fee and number of licence issued for cellular IoT
Country	Impose licence fee and/or spectrum fee for cellular IoT	Number of licensed cellular IoT operator	
Australia	•	Apparatus licensed systems pay an annual per-device or per-system fee
•	IoT operation on mobile networks is covered under existing spectrum licences, for which there is a fee payable for 15-year operation	In Australia, licenses are issued by service, rather than application. For example, an apparatus licence that authorises an industrial IoT application (e.g. SCADA) might be licensed as ‘fixed’ or ‘mobile’. 	
Bangladesh	No	N/A	
China	Spectrum License: Not Free；
Radio Station License: Free.	3	
India	There are no IoT specific license fee, or spectrum allocation in India. Telecom service providers may deliver IoT services using their existing licenses under non-interference and no protection basis.	N/A	
Iran	No, we don’t impose any fee for IoT directly, in fact, the IoT networks have developed by the mobile broadband operators, we have received license fee when we issued the license them. 	There isn't any IoT operator in Iran. It should be noted that all mobile broadband operators can provide all kind of narrow band IoT services.	
Japan	Each license holder shall pay for a usage fee for spectrum.	Because IoT operator is not listed on the current licensee category, this item is under survey.	
Korea	No	There is no dedicated IoT operator in Korea.	
Malaysia	Spectrum fees are applicable for Apparatus and Spectrum Assignments (licensed bands).	Current mobile network operators are allowed to offer IoT applications.	
NZ	For IMT-based IoT deployed by mobile network operators, the spectrum value (paid at auction) and the necessary spectrum licence fees would cover cost of spectrum access in deploying commercial mobile network. No additional fee would be charged when mobile network operators choose to deploy IoT within the same frequency bands of the commercial mobile network since IoT is considered as an application within the commercial mobile network. 	N/A	
PNG	Operator and spectrum fees will be applicable	No commercial operators	
Thailand	Fees are imposed for IoT systems with exclusive use of spectrum	Five major IMT operators can deployed cellular IoT in the bands assigned with IMT licenses.	
Vietnam	For IoT deployed in the licensed spectrum, the relevant organizations and individuals must pay for license fee and spectrum usage fee.	We have not issued any frequency band license for IoT operator yet. There is one operator to be granted frequency channels usage license for smart metering. 
For other kinds of license such as IoT network license or service license, it is under further consideration.	

Table 17 Plans on imposing licence and regulations for cellular IoT
Country	Licensing regime	Other regulations	
Australia	No, apart from already described	No, apart from already described	
Bangladesh	Not yet defined	Not yet defined	
Korea	No	No	
Malaysia	Yes, with reference to provisions in our Communications and Multimedia (Licensing) Regulations 2000.		
NZ	No	No	
PNG	Yet to be determined	Yet to be determined	
Thailand	No current plan to issue licenses specific to applications. Only network/telecommunications service licenses are now applied.	
Viet Nam	N/A	N/A	

6.2.2	Spectrum Policy for Cellular IoT

6.2.2.1	“Technical Neutral” Spectrum Policy for Cellular IoT

Survey Question 6: Do you apply or plan to apply ‘Technology Neutral’ spectrum policy for IoT?	

(i)	Australia

In general, yes, spectrum arrangements do not specify any technology types. However, the spectrum management arrangements that are in place for LPWA IoT are optimised to accommodate established or emerging technologies such that domestic industry and consumers can leverage economies of scale and keep pace with international developments.

Australia observes that there are myriad communications bearer types that can carry IoT application data at different levels. It is therefore somewhat nebulous and therefore difficult to list the frequency bands that carry IoT applications (to some extent, much of the spectrum could be in-part attributed to IoT in some way or another). The table below thus contains key examples only:

Frequency Band Allocation	IoT Category (Examples)	Type of Technologies (e.g. Cellular)	
Cellular bands (dedicated IoT frequency resources at operators’ discretion)	Throughput	Low-mid	Cellular (incl. NB-IoT, Cat-M1)	
	Latency	Low	Cellular (incl. NB-IoT, Cat-M1)	
	Resiliency	High	Cellular (incl. NB-IoT, Cat-M1)	
	Coverage	Wide area (short range, but with cellular topology)	Cellular (incl. NB-IoT, Cat-M1)	

(ii)	Bangladesh

Not yet.

(iii)	India

India is following a technology neutral approach for all services offered on spectrum bands auctioned. The Indian service providers are currently trialling NB-IoT and eMTC based IoT solutions.

(iv)	Iran

Technology neutral for:
•	900, 1800, 2100 and 2600 MHz (as mobile broadband operator)

(v)	Japan 

Frequency Band Allocation	IoT Category	Type of Technologies	
700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1.5GHz, 1.7GHz, 2.1GHz, 3.5GHz	Throughput	Low	NB-IoT	
		Mid	LTE-M	
		High	LTE	
	Latency	Low	LTE	
		Mid	LTE-M	
		High	NB-IoT	
	Resiliency	High	LTE, LTE-M, NB-IoT	
	Coverage	Long range	LTE, LTE-M, NB-IoT	

(vi)	Korea

In some cases, technical regulations described bandwidth, modulation type, class of emission, etc., but in other cases power and spurious emission are regulated in terms of technology neutrality.

(vii)	Malaysia

Yes.

(viii)	NZ

Yes.

(ix)	PNG

Yet to be determined.

(x)	Thailand

NBTC maintains its role to promote the principle of technology neutrality. 
This principle is also applied to the licensed bands. Since the licensed bands are exclusively assigned to the operators in Thailand, it depends on a plan of the operators to choose technologies to operate in the assigned bands.

 Frequency Band Allocation	IoT Category (Examples)	Type of Technologies (e.g. Cellular)	
895 – 915 MHz

1710-1765.3/
1805-1860.3 MHz

1920-1980/
2110-2170 MHz
	Throughput	Mid / High	
Cellular	
	Latency	Low 		
	Resiliency	High		
	Coverage	Long range		

6.2.2.2	Spectrum Allocation for Cellular IoT

Survey Question 7: Do you allocate any spectrum for IoT applications, in term of shared or dedicated, license or unlicensed? If yes, please provide the frequency band(s), channel arrangement/bandwidth and related IoT applications.

Survey Question 17: Do you have any plan (or possibilities) to assign new frequency band(s) or to make available the existing frequency band(s) for IoT in the next five years (including shared and/or dedicated spectrum)? If yes, please provide the information on frequency band(s), bandwidth, technolog(ies), standards, applications and other regulations (If available).	

(i)	Bangladesh

	Frequency Band	Technology	
900/1800/2100 MHz	Cellular 	

Not decided yet for new frequency bands in the future.

(ii)	China

Frequency band	Technology	Licensed/unlicensed	Shared/dedicated	
800MHz、
900MHz、
1800MHz、
1900MHz
and 2100MHz	eMTC	Licensed	Dedicated	
1447-1467MHz	eMTC	Licensed	Dedicated	
1785-1805MHz	eMTC	Licensed	Dedicated	
800MHz、
900MHz、
1800MHz、
2100MHz	NB-IoT	Licensed	Dedicated	

(iii)	India

No specific spectrum band is identified for IoT applications.

DoT is conscious of the fact that there are requirements of the IoT industry for more spectrum needs. The need of spectrum for emerging applications/use cases of IoT which require huge bandwidth and minimum latency (critical applications) will be met through upcoming 5G deployments. 

(iv)	Iran

Bands	License/unlicensed	Shared/dedicated	Bandwidth	Applications	
900 MHz	Licensed	Dedicated	34.9 MHz	3GPP Long range devices	
1800 MHz			84.8 MHz		
2100 MHz			55 MHz		
2600 MHz			35 MHz		

(v)	Japan

The bands for Cellular are already assigned licensed dedicated spectrum and can also partly be used for IoT device.

(vi)	Korea

Frequency band	Licensed/unlicensed	Shared/dedicated	Bandwidth	
UL 829-849 MHz / 
DL 874-894 MHz	Licensed	Guard band operation within licensed band	200 kHz	
UL 1735-1755 MHz / 
DL 1830-1850 MHz	Licensed	Guard band operation
within licensed band	200 kHz	
Other technical regulations are added to ANNEX A.
Up to now, there is no plan to assign new cellular IoT frequency band or make available existing band.

(vii)	NZ

New Zealand does not allocate specific spectrum for IoT applications. We are aware that certain operators may have their own preference toward using certain frequency bands due to harmonisation in international standards and the availability of equipment ecosystem.

(viii)	Malaysia

No plan currently to assign new frequency bands or to make available existing frequency bands for specifically IoT applications.

(ix)	PNG

Yet to be determine on spectrum allocation for IoT application.
Still under consideration on new frequency bands in future.

(x)	Thailand

Spectrum	Share type	License	
800/900 MHz	Shared with IMT	License	
1800 MHz	Shared with IMT	License	
2100 MHz	Shared with IMT	License	

No plan to allocate exclusive frequency bands for IoT. However, IoT systems can operate in the bands newly allocated for IMT in the future. 

(xi)	Vietnam

We do not allocate any dedicate band for IoT applications. The table below lists the frequency bands which have been used widely by IoT applications.

Type of unlicensed radio devices	FREQUENCY BAND	
Smart metering (Machine to machine communication)	408.925 MHz (BW@50 kHz)	Licensed spectrum	

We are investigating to revise the current regulation on IMT bands to support cellular IoT technologies such as NB-IoT, LTE-M.

6.2.2.3	Concerns of Allocating Spectrum for Cellular IoT Applications

Survey Question 8: Do you have any concern of allocating spectrum for IoT application, such as co-and-adjacent channel interference, spectrum sharing within the same frequency band? Please write your concerns for each of the relative frequency band(s).	

NIL.

6.2.3	Current Technical Specification/Standards for Cellular IoT

Survey Question 9: What is technical specification/standards the IoT require to comply with?	

(i)	Bangladesh

Not yet defined

(ii)	China
The IoT technologies, such as NB-IoT and eMTC, are based on 3GPP specifications, “Regulations on Spectrum of eMTC System (temporary)”, “Announcement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China No. 27 of 2017”, “Technical requirements for enhanced machine type communication (EMTC) terminal equipment in LTE digital cellular mobile communication network and Technical requirements for NB-IoT core network equipment for Internet of things”, etc.

Frequency Band	Technology	Transmit Power	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
800MHz、
900MHz、
1800MHz、
1900MHz
and 2100MHz	eMTC	Station: 26.8dBW;	According to 3GPP standards, radio administration document, and local standards.	
1447-1467MHz	eMTC	Station: 46dBm;

Equipment:23 dBm;	According to 3GPP standards, radio administration document, and local standards.	
1785-1805MHz	eMTC	Station: 33dBm/MHz;

Equipment:23 dBm/MHz;	According to 3GPP standards, radio administration document, and local standards.	
800MHz、
900MHz、
1800MHz、
2100MHz	NB-IoT	Station: 20W;	 According to 3GPP standards, radio administration document, and local standards.	

(iii)	India

The NB-IoT and eMTC technologies are based on 3GPP specifications.

In India, TSDSI has transposed the standards being developed by OneM2M (based on their recent release / Version) and same are being evaluated by TEC for making it National Standard. Even ITU has considered some of the recommendations of OneM2M for evaluation.

(iv)	Iran 

Frequency Band
(MHz)	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
880-914.9
/925-959.9	According to answer of question 6	According to 3GPP standards	
1710-1785
/1805-1880			
1925-1980
/2110-2170			
2500-2570
/2620-2690			

(v)	Japan

The NB-IoT, LTE-M, and LTE technologies are based on the 3GPP specifications.

(vi)	Korea

The NB-IoT technology is based on 3GPP specifications. 
Refer to technical regulations in ANNEX A.

(vii)	Malaysia

Frequency Band	Technology	Transmit Power (EIRP)	Spectrum Access Technique (e.g. Frequency hopping, Duty cycle, Listen before talk, etc)	Max Transmission Duration	Channel Bandwidth	Spurious Emission	Others (please specify)	
Within any licensed frequency bands allocated for mobile cellular and IMT system	Technology neutral	According to 3GPP standards and Malaysia’s Standard Radio System Plans	

(viii)	New Zealand

For the case of IMT-based IoT deployed by mobile network operators, any IoT application must conform to the technical parameters already prescribed for the respective spectrum rights. These parameters are typically in line with IMT specifications. 
 
Any transmitters operating in IoT network based on LoRa and LPWAN systems must confirm to the prescribed limits and standards that relates to the licence that they are operating under. In this case, IoT network operating within the frequency bands permitted under GURL-SRD shall meet the technical parameters and emission limits as laid out in the special condition of the GURL as well as the applicable standards prescribed in the New Zealand Radio Standards Notice.   

(ix)	Papua New Guinea

None at this stage.

(x)	Vietnam

The IoT devices operating on the licensed spectrum, the national technical requirements will be respectively applied, depend on the types of applications and services.

6.2.4	Current Cellular IoT Deployment Conditions/Restrictions

Survey Question 10: Please provide the IoT deployment conditions/restrictions for each IoT technology mentioned in question 6 (reference Table 1):
•	Approximately number of IoT devices are operated in each authorized frequency band. 
•	Maximum deployment density for assumed typical use-cases. 
•	Location of typical deployment.
•	Maximum expected speed for the typical mobility use-case.

Note: Please complete one table for each technology.	

(i)	Bangladesh

No	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1 	Cellular 	900/1800/2100 (sim based IoT devices)	500 AMR  water meter reading device 	

	Outdoor urban	fixed	
		900/1800/2100	1952 Network Management System for BTS		Outdoor urban,/Outdoor rural		

(ii)	India

The deployment density is a function of the use case. The smart meters deployed currently in dense urban areas assume over 10,000 devices per square Km. Some other use cases like smart tracking has a different low value for the density
•	Location of typical deployment.
•	Maximum expected speed for the typical mobility use-case.

(iii)	Iran

No.	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1 	Cellular	-	A	A	A, B, C, D	-	

(iv)	Japan

No.	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1 	Cellular	700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1.5GHz, 1.7GHz, 2.1GHz, 3.5GHz	Unknown	Unknown	Indoor small room,
Indoor large room,
Outdoor urban,
Outdoor rural	Fixed,
 Nomadic stationary,
Pedestrian,
Vehicular low or medium	

(v)	Thailand

No.	IoT Technology	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	No. of Devices (in each band)	Max. Deployment Density Per km2 (typical use-case)	Location
of Use	Maximum Expected Speed	
1 	Cellular	895-915 MHz	C	C	A, B,C, D	A,B,C,D	
		1800 MHz	Unknown	Unknown	A, B, C, D	A,B,C,D	
		2100 MHz	Unknown	Unknown	A, B, C, D	A,B,C,D	

(vi)	Vietnam

N/A

6.2.5	Other Regulations Applicable to Cellular IoT

Survey Question 11: If there are other regulations, please describe.	

Table 18 Other regulation application for cellular IoT
Country	Other regulations applicable for cellular IoT	
Bangladesh	Not yet decided	
China	None at this stage	
Iran	No	
Japan	No	
Korea	No	
Malaysia	None	
New Zealand	N/A	
Papua New Guinea	None at this stage	
Thailand	No	
Vietnam	N/A	

6.3	Current Issues Encountered Relating to Cellular IoT Communication System

Survey Question 12: Is there any issue related to IoT communication system?	

Table 18 Issues encountered in cellular IoT
	Very Serious	Serious	Rare	No	
Congestion of frequency band	Malaysia	Iran
Thailand	NZ	PNG
Japan
Vietnam	
Security	Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand		PNG
Japan
Vietnam	
Performance		Iran	Malaysia
NZ
Thailand	Japan
PNG
Vietnam	

6.4	Other Issues to be Addressed in Cellular IoT Implementation and Deployment

Survey Question 18: Is there any issue related to IoT communication system?	

IoT applications that are time critical with low latency requirements and needing high reliability (this is also sometimes called URLLC - ultra reliable low latency communication) will likely use the cellular based technology. The applications are typically of real-time, control loop types such as industry automation with e.g. robotized assembly lines, process automation, unmanned vehicles in the factories, etc. Industries and other local type of usage of IoT would therefore need access to spectrum confined to their geographical areas which are typical very small (like a property-based, real estate area) compared to a nation or a region. Nation-wide and regional licenses do not necessarily match the needs of a local area coverage, although an operator can provide IoT services in such an area. But then there is a dependency of that specific network including the running of the network, and any changes in operation needs to be agreed with the larger operator and this may lead to difficulties. The development of IoT support in 4G and 5G, supporting e.g. industrial applications, would enable use of IMT spectrum. Methods for accessing licensed spectrum for local area high QoS networks needs to be further addressed.

Table 19 Issues to be addressed in cellular IoT implementation and deployment
Country	Issues to be addressed in cellular IoT implementation and deployment	
Australia	No	
Bangladesh	N/A 	
China	None at this stage	
India	1.	The issue of data privacy, data protection, data security and data ownership in the IoT is of significant importance and deliberations around it with sharing of best practices and evolving a mechanism to deal with it may be considered for study in the region.
2.	The identification of critical IoT applications which require special treatment by MNOs in their network including measures to be taken for ensuring that such treatment do not violate principles of Net Neutrality. This aspect assumes greater significance when we deploy IoT use cases in 5G.
3.	The interoperability of various IoT platforms and related applications to avoid creation of silos is possible only if we follow some standards based approach in such deployments. It is critical for smart city planners. Deliberations, suggestions and adoption of such standards based approach from the region on this aspect will boost the growth of IoT ecosystem.
4.	Security of telecom networks is of vital importance and accordingly it is embedded in various standards related to telecom networks deployments. In IoT landscape also, security is equally critical, more so when we deal with billions of sensors and therefore we need to evolve secured communications protocols for M2M/ IoT as well.       	
Iran	6.	One of the top concerns in IoT projects is poor cybersecurity implementations in applications, networks, data and equipment,
7.	Spectrum needs,
8.	Conditions of IoT data storage,
9.	Lack of Confidentiality,
10.	Privacy,
11.	Numbering in 3GPP IoT network.	
Japan	No	
Malaysia	No	
New Zealand	No	
Papua New Guinea	None at this stage	
Thailand	Yes. The additional issues are follows: 
5.	interoperability among different technologies
6.	privacy
7.	redundancy of IoT infrastructure
8.	class of critical applications  	
Vietnam	N/A	

7	General Information

7.1	R&D Activities on IoT Related Technologies and/or Devices 

Survey Question 13: In your country, do you have any R&D activities on IoT related technologies and/or devices? If yes, please describe.	

Table 20 R&D activities
Country	R&D activities	
Bangladesh	An IoT lab established recently	
China	None at this stage	
India	There are several R&D activities in IoT related technologies The Center of Excellence, MEITY for IoT in India, at Bangalore, is a Digital India Initiative to jump start the IoT ecosystem in India taking advantage of India's IT strengths and help country attain a leadership role in the convergent area of hardware and software.
•	The Centre for Development of Telematics (CDoT), a state-run telecom research and development organization, has successfully built and demonstrated a OneM2M-based machine-to-machine (M2M) communications platform	
Iran	Some research activities carried out in Iran such as:
•	What laboratory condition for compliance IoT devices with standards and issue type-approval certificate,
•	NB-IoT devices and prototype production,
•	Deployment IoT network in smart cities,
•	IoT devises basis of SRD devices,
•	Working on IoT standards.	
Japan	R&D program for Expansion of Radio Wave Resources and Strategic Information and Communications R&D Promotion Programme are conducted by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.	
Korea	There are a number of ongoing R&D activities conducted by IoT industries.	
Malaysia	Yes, some grants are provided for SMEs and universities for IoT related projects.	
New Zealand	New Zealand government does not initiate or oversee any R&D activities specifically on IoT. The private sector typically leads major R&D work in New Zealand.	
Papua New Guinea	None at this stage	
Thailand	Yes. The R&D research activities ranges from the creation of sersors, RF Modules, applications, and software platforms.	
Vietnam	On the way towards internet of things era, Vietnam ICT enterprises have been accelerating R&D activities on IoT related technologies and solutions in order to solve social problem as well as improve labour productivity. Our IoT projects focus on the products and solutions for smart home, smart transportation, smart city, and smart agriculture.	

7.2	Information or Technology Trends Regarding IoT

Survey Question 19: Are there any information or technology trends regarding IoT that you would like to share with the APT Members?	

Table 21 Technology Trends
Country	Information or technology trends regarding IoT	
Australia	No	
Bangladesh	No	
China	None at this stage	
India	The 3GPP IoT technologies of NB-IoT and eMTC are evolving, and will cover a broad spectrum of services including Industrial IoT, Automotive, AI, etc.	
Iran	No	
Japan	 None at this stage 	
Malaysia	No	
New Zealand	New Zealand’s industry sector has set up a new IoT Alliance. It provides an independent platform for bringing together industry leaders in IoT technologies, government agencies, academics and local IoT innovators. It aims to accelerate IoT innovation by promoting collaboration across industry and government. It will endeavour to identify strategic opportunities for economic growth.	
Papua New Guinea	None at this stage	
Thailand	No additional information at the present.	
Vietnam	IoT and smart services can be used effectively with the frequency bands licensed to IMT, and unlicensed bands. Licensed spectrum provides connectivity for applications with the requirements of high level of Quality of Service and achievement of economies of scale. The IoT connectivity in the licensed spectrum is able to provide extended coverage in remote locations with low cost devices. On the other hand, unlicensed spectrum is less suitable to wide-area IoT applications, especially those requiring higher quality of service levels. This is due to the fact that the use of license-exempt spectrum is always bound by technical and operational requirements such as limited output power. Besides, the risk of interference is higher and is not guaranteed in unlicensed spectrum.	

Unlicensed bands can readily be used for applications not needing high QoS requirements such as monitoring and maintenance. The bands can freely be used by others in the same area and the issue is that there are no interference protection. However, to support IoT applications in areas where high QoS is needed, access to licensed spectrum is necessary.  Different methods to provide the spectrum for local area networks is being developed in Europe where technologies like LSA is being evolved. Some different spectrum management solutions are: operator involvement to set up a network within the industry premises coordinating that with the nationwide system but adapting to the needs of the industry, leasing of spectrum where a national or regional operator can lease out spectrum to an industry wanting to deploy a local area high quality network, or a dedicated local area licensing scheme that can be defined on e.g. coverage of a real estate such as an industry plant. In Germany they have specifically assigned 3700-3800 MHz for regional and local use and similar approach has been considered by Sweden.
Annex A

Technical Regulations in the Republic of Korea

Administrations may indicate additional information on channel spacing, necessary bandwidth,interference mitigation requirement, unwanted emission limit and applicable radio standards.

Technical Regulations for NB-IoT	
	Typical Application Type	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	Maximum Field Strength / RF Output power	Remarks	
1	IoT	829-849 MHz (UL)/874-894 MHz (DL) 
1735-1755 MHz (UL)/1830-1850 MHz (DL)	BS: OBW X 0.4/kHz 
UE: 340 mW	- BS and UE occupied bandwidth: 200 kHz
- Adjacent channel frequency offset: 225kHz for 10 MHz bandwidth
245kHz for 20 MHz bandwidth
- ACLR
 BS: 40 dB (@300 kHz), 50dB (@500 kHz)
UE: 37 dB
- spurious emission
 BS: -13 dBm  
UE: -36 dBm for 30 MHz – 1 GHz, 
-30dBm for 1 GHz – 12.75 GHz
- Additional unwanted emission for UE
  -27dBm for 864 MHz – 869 MHz
  -30 dBm for 869 MHz – 894 MHz	
Technical Regulations for Short Range Radiocommunication Devices	
Num	Typical Application Type	Authorized Frequency Bands / Frequencies	Maximum Field Strength / RF Output power 	Remarks	
1		SRD with very weak electric field strength	0 - 322 MHz
322 MHz - 10 GHz
10 GHz - 150 GHz 
Above 150 GHz 	500 uV/m @ 3m
35 uV/m @ 3m
3.5f  uV/m @ 3m(1)
500 uV/m @ 3m	The measured value for the frequency of less than 15 MHz should be multiplied by the near field measurement compensation factor (6π/λ), where λ is wavelength in meter.
(1)f :Frequency (GHz).	
2		Data transmission	173.0250, 173.0375,…, 173.2750 MHz
 (21 channels with 12.5kHz space)	5 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 8.5 kHz.	
3		Data transmission	173.6250, 173.6375,…173.7875 MHz
 (14 channels with 12.5kHz space)	10 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 8.5 kHz.	
4		Data transmission	219.000 (224.000), 219.025 (224.025)
219.050 (224.050), 219.075 (224.075) 
219.100 (224.100), 219.125 (224.125)
(6 pair channels with 25kHz space)	10 mW (e.r.p.)	The frequencies of 219.000 (224.000) MHz are for channel control.
The maximum OBW is 16 kHz.
Frequencies in ( ) are for duplex communication.	
5		Data transmission	311.0125, 311.0250,…, 311.1250 MHz
(10 channels with 12.5kHz space)	5 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 8.5 kHz.	
6		Data transmission	424.7000, 424.7125,…, 424.9500 MHz
 (21 channels with 12.5 kHz space)	10 mW (e.r.p.)	The channel 424.7 MHz is for channel control.
The maximum OBW is 8.5 kHz.	
7		Data transmission 	433.795 - 434.045 MHz	3 mW (e.r.p.)	For tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), Remote Keyless Entry(RKE) in car, and remote car parking systems.	
8		Data transmission	447.6000, 447.6125,…, 447.8500 MHz
(21 channels with 12.5 kHz space)	5 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 8.5 kHz.	
9		Data transmission	447.8625, 447.8750,…, 447.9875 MHz
(11 channels with 12.5 kHz space)	10 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 8.5 kHz.	
10		Data transmission or voice radio paging	219.150, 219.175, 219.200 and 219.225 MHz (4 channels with 25 kHz space)	10 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 16 kHz.	
11		Wireless microphone or audio transmission	173.020-173.280 MHz
173.300 -174.000 MHz1)
216.000 -217.000 MHz1)217.250-220.110 MHz
223.000-225.000 MHz
740.000-752.000 MHz*
925.000 - 937.500 MHz	10 mW (e.r.p.)	The maximum OBW is 200 kHz.
1)  For hearing aids and  indoor use	
12		Wireless access system including wireless LAN	5 150 - 5 250 MHz1)
	2.5 mW/MHz
	1)  Nominal antenna gain is 6 dBi. Conducted power density is 2.5mW/MHz  in case of OBW 0.5-20MHz,  or 1.25mW/MHz in case of OBW 20-40MHz, or  0.625mW/MHz in case of OBW 40-80MHz. 

2) Nominal antenna gain is 7 dBi. Conducted power density is 10mW/MHz  in case of OBW 0.5-20MHz,  or 5mW/MHz in case of OBW 20-40MHz, or  2.5mW/MHz in case of OBW 40-80MHz.

1			5 250 - 5 350 MHz2)	10 mW/MHz		
1			5 470 - 5 725 MHz2)	10 mW/MHz		
13		Wireless access system including wireless LAN	17.705 – 17. 715 GHz
17.725 – 17.735 GHz
19.265 – 19.275 GHz
19.285 – 19.295 GHz	10 mW	
Nominal antenna gain is 2.15dBi.
The Maximum OBW is 10MHz.
This SRD is only for Wireless LAN	
1			17.700 – 17.740 GHz
19.260 – 19.300 GHz	1 mW/MHz	Nominal antenna gain is 23 dBi.
The OBW is 10 - 40MHz.
This SRD is only for fixed point-to-point operation.	
14		Wireless for data communication
(Spread Spectrum, OFDM, etc)	2400-2483.5 MHz
5725-5825MHz 	3 mW/MHz 1) 2) (for FHSS type)
10 mW/MHz  1) 3) (for other spread spectrum types and OFDM)
10 mW (e.r.p)4) (other types)	1) The nominal antenna gain is 6 dBi (20 dBi for point-to-point application)
2) The peak power of a hopping channel divided by whole hopping frequency band (MHz).
3) 10mW/MHz in case of  OBW 0.5-26MHz, 5 mW/MHz in case of OBW 26-40 MHz, and 2.5mW/MHz in case of OBW 40-80MHz. 
Only for devices with OBW 40-60MHz in 2.4 GHz band, conducted power density is 0.1 mW/MHz .
4) The maximum OBW is 26 MHz for 2.4 GHz band and 70 MHz for 5.8 GHz band (center frequency, 5.775MHz).	
15		Wireless data communication
(Analogue modulation techniques) 	2 410, 2 430, 2 450 and 2 470 MHz	10 mW	The nominal antenna gain is 6 dBi (20 dBi for point-to-point application)
The maximum OBW is 16 MHz.	
16		RFID	13.552-13.568MHz	93.5 dBuV/m @ 10m		
17		RFID	433.670-434.170 MHz	3.6 mW (e.i.r.p.)		
18		RFID/USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network)	
917 – 923.5 MHz
(32 channels, 200 kHz step)
	
4W(e.i.r.p)	Passive RFID on channel No. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	
1				200mW(e.i.r.p)	Outdoor point-to-multipoint operation on channel No. 20~32	
1				10mW(e.i.r.p)	Any on channel No. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19 ~ 32.	
1				3mW(e.i.r.p)	Any on channel No. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 18.	
19		USN	940.1 – 946.3 MHz	200mW(e.i.r.p)		
20		UWB device	3.1 - 4.8 GHz
7.2 - 10.2 GHz	-41.3 dBm/MHz (e.i.r.p)	The minimum 10-dB bandwidth is 450 MHz.
Interference mitigation function (DAA, LDC, etc) should be adopted in the band of 3.1 – 4.8 GHz.
However, devices are allowed to be used without any interference mitigation techniques in the 4.2 to 4.8 GHz band until the end of December 2016.	
21		Non-specific SRD	262- 264 MHz	100 mW(e.i.r.p.)		
1			22 – 23.6 GHz	
100mW	Supplied power of Antenna 
	
1			57 – 66 GHz	
43dBm(e.i.r.p)
57dBm(e.i.r.p.) 1)	Nominal antenna gain is 16 dBi 
1) 57dBm for fixed point-to-point application	
1			122-123 GHz	100mW	Averaged power	
1			244-246 GHz	100mW	Averaged power